Pterygium, often referred to as “surfer’s eye,” is a growth of benign (non-cancerous) tissue on the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye. This growth extends onto the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, and can affect vision if it progresses. While pterygium can affect anyone, it is particularly common in people who spend extended periods of time outdoors, especially in sunny and windy conditions, which is why it is sometimes called “surfer’s eye.”
What Causes Pterygium?
Pterygium is primarily caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun, which can damage the cells in the conjunctiva. This is why people who spend a lot of time outdoors—especially in environments with reflective surfaces such as beaches or snowy areas—are more likely to develop this condition. Other factors that may contribute to the development of pterygium include:
- Wind and dust exposure: These environmental factors can irritate the eye and trigger abnormal growth of the conjunctiva.
- Genetic predisposition: A family history of pterygium may increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
- Chronic dry eyes: Dryness in the eyes can exacerbate irritation and lead to pterygium formation.
Signs and Symptoms of Pterygium
The early stages of pterygium are often asymptomatic, but as the condition progresses, the following symptoms may develop:
- Redness and irritation: The affected eye may appear bloodshot or inflamed.
- Dryness or foreign body sensation: A feeling of something being in the eye, which can be uncomfortable.
- Blurred vision: If the pterygium extends onto the cornea, it may interfere with vision.
- Cosmetic concerns: A noticeable growth on the eye may affect the appearance of the eye, leading to self-consciousness in some individuals.
How is Pterygium Diagnosed?
Pterygium is typically diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam by an ophthalmologist. The doctor will examine the eye with a microscope (slit-lamp examination) to assess the size, location, and progression of the growth. In some cases, imaging tests may be used to evaluate the extent of the pterygium on the cornea.
Treatment Options for Pterygium
1: Conservative Management: In the early stages, pterygium can often be managed with lubricating eye drops to relieve dryness and irritation. Anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed if there is significant redness or swelling.
2: Surgical Treatment: If the pterygium becomes large, causes discomfort, or interferes with vision, surgical removal may be recommended. Surgery involves removing the pterygium and may include a graft of healthy tissue to prevent recurrence. Modern surgical techniques, including the use of mitomycin C (a medication that reduces the risk of regrowth), have significantly improved outcomes.
3: Prevention: Preventing pterygium is best achieved by protecting the eyes from UV light. Wearing sunglasses with UV protection and a wide-brimmed hat when outdoors can help minimize exposure. Regular use of lubricating eye drops can also prevent dryness and irritation.
When to Seek Medical Help
If you notice redness, irritation, or a growth on your eye that seems to be affecting your vision, it’s important to consult an ophthalmologist. Early detection and intervention can help prevent complications and preserve your eye health.
Consultation at Desai Eye Institute and Research Centre
At Desai Eye Institute and Research Centre, we offer expert care for the diagnosis and treatment of pterygium. Our experienced ophthalmologists provide personalized treatment options, including both conservative management and surgical interventions, to ensure the best possible outcome for your eye health. Schedule a consultation today to learn more about how we can help protect your vision!